Bernard G Grushkin

US Patent:

6503677, Jan 7, 2003

Filed:

Jul 10, 2001

Appl. No.:

09/901085

Inventors:

Edward J. Gutman - Webster NY
Bernard Grushkin - Bedford MA
John G. Ruhland - Rochester NY

Assignee:

Xerox Corporation - Stamford CT

International Classification:

G03G 9097

US Classification:

4301083, 4301371

Abstract:

An emulsion aggregation toner particularly adapted for use in hybrid scavengeless development includes toner particles of polymer binder, colorant and a surface additive package containing at least one additive negatively chargeable to a carrier and at least one additive positively chargeable to the carrier. The toner is able to exhibit high stable triboelectric charging ability, and substantially eliminates charge through and slow admix in a developer employing the toner.

US Patent:

55003249, Mar 19, 1996

Filed:

Oct 31, 1994

Appl. No.:

8/332315

Inventors:

Hadi K. Mahabadi - Toronto, CA
Enno E. Agur - Toronto, CA
T. Brian McAneney - Burlington, CA
Sheau V. Kao - Oakville, CA
Gerald R. Allison - Oakville, CA
Michael S. Hawkins - Cambridge, CA
Bernard Grushkin - Pittsford NY
J. Stephen Kittelberger - Rochester NY
Joo T. Chung - Penfield NY
William H. Hollenbaugh - Webster NY

Assignee:

Xerox Corporation - Stamford CT

International Classification:

G03G 9087

US Classification:

430137

Abstract:

A process comprising: (a) reactive melt mixing of a base resin with a chemical initiator and crosslinking of said base resin to enable a highly crosslinked precursor resin, said highly crosslinked precursor resin being substantially free of sol, and comprising uncrosslinked portions and crosslinked portions, said crosslinked portions comprised of high density crosslinked microgel particles; and (b) accomplishing dilution by melt mixing said highly crosslinked precursor resin of (a) with a base resin to form a partially crosslinked toner resin, said toner resin being substantially free of sol, and comprising linear uncrosslinked portions and crosslinked portions, said crosslinked portions comprised essentially of high density crosslinked microgel particles, wherein said microgel particles are present in an amount of from about 1 to about 45 percent by weight of said toner resin.

US Patent:

39650499, Jun 22, 1976

Filed:

May 20, 1974

Appl. No.:

5/471376

Inventors:

Bernard Grushkin - Pittsford NY
Michael N. Salzman - Winnetka CA

Assignee:

Xerox Corporation - Stamford CT

International Classification:

C08G 7900
C07D34500
C07D29300

US Classification:

260 2M

Abstract:

Disclosed is a novel method for the preparation of aromatic organic diselenide compounds. The method involves reacting an alkali metal diselenide with certain halogenated aromatic compounds in dimethylformamide to form the corresponding aromatic diselenide. The use of dimethylformamide enables one to prepare certain aromatic diselenide compounds containing two replaceable halogen atoms in a one-step process.

US Patent:

54828058, Jan 9, 1996

Filed:

Oct 31, 1994

Appl. No.:

8/331441

Inventors:

Michael L. Grande - Palmyra NY
Bernard Grushkin - Pittsford NY
Eugene F. Young - Rochester NY
Douglas A. Lundy - Webster NY
Joseph R. E. Matalevich - Webster NY

Assignee:

Xerox Corporation - Stamford CT

International Classification:

G03G 9083
G03G 909
G03G 9097

US Classification:

430106

Abstract:

A toner comprised of resin particles, magnetite, carbon black, rhodamine charge additive, wax, and a surface mixture of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride.

US Patent:

53689704, Nov 29, 1994

Filed:

Dec 6, 1993

Appl. No.:

8/165422

Inventors:

Bernard Grushkin - Pittsford NY

Assignee:

Xerox Corporation - Stamford CT

International Classification:

G03G 9087
G03G 9097

US Classification:

430110

Abstract:

A toner composition comprised of the reaction product of resin particles containing hydroxyl, or acid groups, and an alkylene-glycidyl methacrylate polymer; pigment particles, and a wax component.

US Patent:

52780201, Jan 11, 1994

Filed:

Aug 28, 1992

Appl. No.:

7/936471

Inventors:

Bernard Grushkin - Pittsford NY
Guerino G. Sacripante - Oakville, CA

Assignee:

Xerox Corporation - Stamford CT

International Classification:

G03C 500

US Classification:

430137

Abstract:

A toner composition and processes for the preparation thereof comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a latex emulsion by agitating in water a mixture of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a first nonpolar olefinic monomer, a second nonpolar diolefinic monomer, a free radical initiator and a chain transfer agent; (ii) polymerizing the latex emulsion mixture by heating from ambient temperature to about 80. degree. C. to form nonpolar olefinic emulsion resin particles of volume average diameter from about 5 nanometers to about 500 nanometers; (iii) diluting the nonpolar olefinic emulsion resin particle mixture with water; (iv) adding to the diluted resin particle mixture a colorant or pigment particles and optionally dispersing the resulting mixture with a homogenizer; (v) adding a cationic surfactant to flocculate the colorant or pigment particles to the surface of the emulsion resin particles; (vi) homogenizing the flocculated mixture at high shear to form statically bound aggregated composite particles with a volume average diameter of less than or equal to about 5 microns; (vii) heating the statically bound aggregate composite particles to form nonpolar toner sized particles; (viii) optionally halogenating the nonpolar toner sized particles to form nonpolar toner sized particles having a halopolymer resin outer surface or encapsulating shell; and (ix) isolating the nonpolar toner sized composite particles.

US Patent:

44579985, Jul 3, 1984

Filed:

Feb 8, 1982

Appl. No.:

6/346471

Inventors:

Robert J. Gruber - Pittsford NY
Steven B. Bolte - Rochester NY
Bernard Grushkin - Pittsford NY
Ronald J. Koch - Rochester NY

Assignee:

Xerox Corporation - Stamford CT

International Classification:

G03G 500
G03G 908
H05B 310
B05D 106

US Classification:

430 98

Abstract:

This invention is directed to improved developer compositions comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and carrier particles, the improvement residing in the resin particles which are comprised of an uncrosslinked polymer incorporated into a polymer network highly crosslinked in the presence of the uncrosslinked polymer, the uncrosslinked polymer being of a different chemical composition than the crosslinked polymer, thereby resulting in the formation of a sponge-like structure; which developer compositions are useful in electrostatographic imaging systems, including those devices employing cold pressure fixing apparatus.

US Patent:

44800231, Oct 30, 1984

Filed:

Mar 25, 1983

Appl. No.:

6/478926

Inventors:

Bernard Grushkin - Pittsford NY

Assignee:

Xerox Corporation - Stamford CT

International Classification:

G03G 1322

US Classification:

430124

Abstract:

This invention is generally directed to an improved process for fixing developed electrostatic images which comprises (1) forming an electostatic latent image on an imaging member, (2) developing the image with a toner composition comprised of polyamide toner resin particles, and pigment particles, (3) transferring the developed image to a substrate, and (4) sequentially subjecting the transferred image to a cold pressure fixing source, and a radiant energy fixing source.